Reducing impurities from complex raw materials

We extract pure metals from primary or secondary raw materials. These contain other impurities with an extra carbon content.

As a consequence, it takes more energy to recycle copper from modern electronics scrap, compared with primary copper production

By isolating the metallic content from complex raw materials, we would prevent unwanted carbon from entering our production and recycling processes.

Challenge:

Today's policy priority is ensuring Europe's e-waste gets recycled at all - efficiency is not yet a focus

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